Academy
TermThreat intelligence

Indicator of compromise

(IOC)

A technical trace showing that a system has been compromised: a file hash, domain, IP address, file path or registry key.

Flow

  1. 1Extracted
  2. 2Shared
  3. 3Searched
Related families
Lumma Stealer
MITRE ATT&CK
—
Sources
4 sources
01

Overview

NIST defines an indicator as a technical artifact or observable that suggests an attack is imminent, is underway or has already occurred. NIST CSRC

Indicators have different lifetimes: a file hash can change with a new build and an IP address within a day. Methods and behaviour stay the same for longer. NIST CSRC

02

How it works

  1. 1

    Extracted

    From an incident investigation or malware analysis. NIST CSRC

  2. 2

    Shared

    Through advisories and intelligence feeds. CISA and FBI (AA25-141B)

  3. 3

    Searched

    In logs, on endpoints and in network traffic. NIST CSRC

03

Real-world examples

04

How to detect it

  • Search for indicators not only today but retroactively in retained logs. NIST CSRC
05

What to do

06

Related families and terms

07

Sources

  1. 1Indicator of compromise — glossary definition · NIST CSRC
  2. 2Threat intelligence — glossary definition · NIST CSRC
  3. 3Threat Actors Deploy LummaC2 Malware to Exfiltrate Sensitive Data from Organizations · CISA and FBI (AA25-141B), 2025-05-21
  4. 4Writing YARA rules · YARA documentation
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