InactiveWindowsCredential theft
Malware Intelligence

Xehook

Xehook is a .NET-based infostealer that collects data from Chromium- and Gecko-based browsers and supports more than 110 cryptocurrencies and 2FA extensions. It has code overlap with Agniane Stealer; it was distributed with SmokeLoader.

Activity map

Cyble

Activity mapDownloadsInjectionPackagingExfiltrationSmokeLoaderInstallerXehookInfostealerRegAsm.exeDark Radar 100%Data collection18 targetsLog archiveC2 server
Executable payloadFileDark Radar evidence
Malicious payloadXehook · Infostealer

Xehook is a .NET-based infostealer that collects data from Chromium- and Gecko-based browsers and supports more than 110 cryptocurrencies and 2FA extensions. It has code overlap with Agniane Stealer; it was distributed with SmokeLoader.

Environment information

  • Operating system
  • Hardware
  • IP and location
  • Installed software
  • Screenshot
  • Desktop files

Credentials and application data

  • Saved passwords
  • Session cookies
  • Autofill
  • Saved cards
  • 2FA seeds
  • Steam
  • Discord
  • Telegram
  • MetaMask
  • Authenticator
  • Phantom
  • Coinbase Wallet
  • Trust Wallet
  • Binance Wallet
Dark Radar infection records
1,376
Latest infection record
3 July 2024
Malware type
Infostealer
First seen
2024
01

Overview

Ranks 45 of 52 families in Dark Radar data, with 1,376 infection records.

02

Origin and evolution

  1. 2024Analyzed as an evolution of the Cinoshi project.Cyble
03

Technical profile

Malware typeInfostealer
Target operating systemWindows
Primary purposeCrypto asset theft
Threat categoryCredential theft
Programming language.NET
Distribution modelSale
First seen2024
Infected systemsWindows 10 87.4%, Windows 7 7.3%
Public source confidenceMedium
04

Targeted applications

18 applications6 categories
05

Data collection

Credentials

  • Browser passwords100%Verified
  • Session cookies97.4%Verified
  • Refreshing expired sessions—
  • Autofill97.9%Dark Radar observation
  • macOS Keychain—
  • 2FA and password managersVerified

Financial

  • Saved cards6.8%Dark Radar observation
  • Desktop crypto walletsVerified
  • Wallet extensionsVerified
  • Clipboard address replacement—

Applications

  • Email clients—
  • FTP clients—
  • VPN clients—
  • Messaging applications12%Dark Radar observation
  • Gaming platforms23%Dark Radar observation

System

  • File collection69.1%Dark Radar observation
  • Screenshot100%Dark Radar observation
  • System inventory3.1%Dark Radar observation
06

File system

User profile (%USERPROFILE%)
File details are in Dark Radar IntelligenceOpen in Intelligence
07

How it works

  1. 1Execution and evasion

    Dark Radar observation

    Ran inside the legitimate RegAsm.exe process (latest 191 logs, 100%).

    Breaking point: Unsigned files running from user folders and injections into .NET tools are stopped by application control and EDR.

  2. 2Discovery

    Dark Radar observation

    Infected systems: Windows 10 87.4%, Windows 7 7.3%, Windows 8.1 4.2%.

    Breaking point: Bulk system and security software queries from a short-lived process trigger an EDR alert.

  3. 3Data collection

    Dark Radar observation

    Data found in the latest 191 logs: password file 100%, cookies 97.4%, autofill 97.9%, cards 6.8%, wallets 1%.

    Breaking point: A process other than the browser reading browser profile files is blocked or triggers an alert.

08

IOCs and detection

This section is in Dark Radar IntelligenceOpen in Intelligence
09

Risk and impact

  • Stolen session cookies are enough to take over cloud, email and SaaS sessions without a password or multi-factor authentication prompt.
  • Corporate passwords saved on personal devices also leak through infections outside the corporate network; these logs are sold to initial access brokers.
  • Log archives are reshared for years; as long as the password is not changed, the same credential can be used again and again.
  • Compromised email, messaging and social media accounts become the next link in phishing and malware distribution.
10

Defense

  • When an infection is detected, revoke not only the password but all related sessions and access tokens.
  • Turn off password saving in the browser through corporate policy; use a corporate password manager.
  • Move to phishing-resistant multi-factor authentication (FIDO2/passkey); bind sessions to the device.
  • Block setup files downloaded from unlicensed software, game cheats and sponsored search results.
  • Monitor flows where the user runs a command by pasting it into the Run dialog or terminal (ClickFix) with endpoint rules.
  • Continuously monitor your corporate domains and employee email addresses in stealer logs with Dark Radar.
11

Learning center

How does this malware spread?
  • Infostealer families mostly spread through unlicensed software, fake updates, sponsored search ads and phishing emails.
How can its presence on a system be detected?
  • Sign-ins to accounts from an unrecognized country or device.
  • A new infostealer log in Dark Radar for your corporate domain or an employee email address.
Which Windows artifacts should be examined?
  • Prefetch (C:\Windows\Prefetch) — shows that a short-lived payload ran.
  • Amcache.hve and ShimCache — path and hash of the executed file.
  • Downloads folder and Zone.Identifier stream — the address the file was downloaded from.
  • Browser history — the fake download page or fake CAPTCHA address.
  • RunMRU registry key — commands pasted into the Run dialog.
  • Randomly named folders and DLLs under %TEMP% and %LOCALAPPDATA%.
Which log records matter?
  • Sysmon Event 1 / Security 4688Process creation: unsigned processes starting from Temp and Downloads folders, mshta, powershell -enc chains.
  • Sysmon Olay 11 / 23File creation and deletion: self-deleting payloads, DLLs dropped under Temp.
  • Sysmon Olay 3 / 22Network connection and DNS query: to newly registered domains, C2 resolution via Telegram, Steam or Pastebin.
  • Object access auditing (4663)A process other than the browser reading Login Data, Cookies and Local State files.
  • PowerShell 4104Script block logging: obfuscated downloader commands.
  • Identity provider sign-in logsSessions after the infection from a different country and device, without a multi-factor authentication prompt.
How should a SOC analyst respond?
  1. Isolate the device from the network; do not reinstall it before taking memory and disk images.
  2. Determine the infection date; list all accounts that were signed in on the device after that date.
  3. Change the passwords of these accounts, revoke their sessions and access tokens, and re-enroll multi-factor authentication devices.
  4. Search identity provider and SaaS logs for new country, device and token usage after the infection.
  5. If a recovery phrase or wallet file was exposed, move the assets to a new wallet.
  6. Find the initial access path (email, ad, unlicensed software, fake CAPTCHA) and check other users who used the same path.
  7. Reinstall the device from a clean image.
12

Sources

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