Active threat familyWindowsCredential theft
Malware Intelligence

Raccoon Stealer

Raccoon is an infostealer that spread thanks to its low subscription fee and ease of use. It collects passwords, cookies, autofill data and wallets, and records IP and location information.

Activity of the first version stopped in March 2022; one of the developers was detained in the Netherlands and prosecuted in the US.

Activity map

Activity mapDownloadExtractionExecutionPackagingExfiltrationC2 addressAddressUnlicensedsoftware siteCrack, keygenZIPPassword-protectedarchiveEXESetup.exeRaccoon StealerInfostealerData collection23 targetsLog archiveC2 serverIntermediateresolverTelegram channel
Executable payloadFile
Malicious payloadRaccoon Stealer · Infostealer

Raccoon is an infostealer that spread thanks to its low subscription fee and ease of use. It collects passwords, cookies, autofill data and wallets, and records IP and location information.

Appears in flows

Environment information

  • Operating system
  • Hardware
  • IP and location
  • Installed software
  • Screenshot
  • Desktop files

Credentials and application data

  • Saved passwords
  • Session cookies
  • Autofill
  • Saved cards
  • Discord
  • MetaMask
  • Telegram
  • Binance Wallet
  • Exodus
  • Electrum
  • Atomic Wallet
  • Bitcoin Core
  • Ethereum keystore
  • Coinomi
Dark Radar infection records
2,226,357
Latest infection record
12 October 2026
Malware type
Infostealer
First seen
2019
01

Overview

Ranks 5 of 52 families in Dark Radar data, with 2,226,357 infection records.

Other names: Mohazo, Racealer, RecordBreaker

02

Origin and evolution

  1. 2019Went on sale for $75 per week.Malpedia (Fraunhofer FKIE)
  2. March 2022Activity of the first version stopped.Team Cymru
  3. June 2022The rewritten second version (RecordBreaker) was released.Zscaler
03

Technical profile

Malware typeInfostealer
Target operating systemWindows
Primary purposeData theft
Threat categoryCredential theft
Programming languageC++ (v1), C/C++ (v2)
Distribution model$75 weekly / $200 monthly subscription
First seen2019
Public source confidenceHigh
04

Targeted applications

23 applications5 categories
05

Data collection

Credentials

  • Browser passwords81.8%Verified
  • Session cookies88.6%Verified
  • Refreshing expired sessions—
  • Autofill86.4%Verified
  • macOS Keychain—
  • 2FA and password managers—

Financial

  • Saved cards6%Verified
  • Desktop crypto wallets8%Verified
  • Wallet extensions4.5%Version-dependent
  • Clipboard address replacement—

Applications

  • Email clients—
  • FTP clients—
  • VPN clients—
  • Messaging applications6.8%Version-dependent
  • Gaming platforms—

System

  • File collection20.5%Verified
  • Screenshot6.8%Verified
  • System inventory93.2%Verified

Behavior

  • Additional payload downloadVerified
  • Persistence—
  • Anti-analysis—
06

File system

User profile (%USERPROFILE%)
File details are in Dark Radar IntelligenceOpen in Intelligence
07

System components

  • IP address and geolocation
  • System information and installed software
08

How it works

  1. 1Infection

    • Unlicensed software sites, phishing and loader chains.

    Breaking point: Email attachments, sponsored ad links and unlicensed software downloads are blocked at the email and web gateway.

  2. 2Execution and evasion

    • v1: the C2 address is resolved from a Telegram channel.
    • v2: the configuration is fetched from the C2.
    T1204.002User Execution: Malicious File

    Breaking point: Unsigned files running from user folders and injections into .NET tools are stopped by application control and EDR.

  3. 3Discovery

    • System information and location.
    T1082System Information DiscoveryT1614System Location Discovery

    Breaking point: Bulk system and security software queries from a short-lived process trigger an EDR alert.

  4. 4Data collection

    • Browser data is decrypted by downloading legitimate libraries from the C2.
    Dark Radar observation

    Data found in the latest 200 logs: password file 81.8%, cookies 88.6%, autofill 86.4%, cards 6%, wallets 8%.

    T1555.003Credentials from Web BrowsersT1539Steal Web Session CookieT1005Data from Local SystemT1113Screen Capture

    Breaking point: A process other than the browser reading browser profile files is blocked or triggers an alert.

  5. 5Exfiltration and C2

    • Sending with HTTP POST.
    T1071.001Web ProtocolsT1041Exfiltration Over C2 ChannelT1102.001Dead Drop ResolverT1105Ingress Tool Transfer

    Breaking point: Traffic to newly registered domains, direct IP addresses and non-standard ports is blocked.

  6. 6Persistence and aftermath

    • Downloads additional payloads.

    Breaking point: When an infection is confirmed, all sessions and access tokens on the device are revoked.

09

Network communication

This section is in Dark Radar IntelligenceOpen in Intelligence
10

MITRE ATT&CK

Execution
Credential Access
Discovery
Collection
Command and Control
Exfiltration
11

IOCs and detection

This section is in Dark Radar IntelligenceOpen in Intelligence
12

Risk and impact

  • Stolen session cookies are enough to take over cloud, email and SaaS sessions without a password or multi-factor authentication prompt.
  • Corporate passwords saved on personal devices also leak through infections outside the corporate network; these logs are sold to initial access brokers.
  • Log archives are reshared for years; as long as the password is not changed, the same credential can be used again and again.
  • Compromised email, messaging and social media accounts become the next link in phishing and malware distribution.
13

Defense

  • When an infection is detected, revoke not only the password but all related sessions and access tokens.
  • Turn off password saving in the browser through corporate policy; use a corporate password manager.
  • Move to phishing-resistant multi-factor authentication (FIDO2/passkey); bind sessions to the device.
  • Block setup files downloaded from unlicensed software, game cheats and sponsored search results.
  • Monitor flows where the user runs a command by pasting it into the Run dialog or terminal (ClickFix) with endpoint rules.
  • Continuously monitor your corporate domains and employee email addresses in stealer logs with Dark Radar.
14

Learning center

How does this malware spread?
  • Unlicensed software sites, phishing and loader chains.
How can its presence on a system be detected?
  • Sign-ins to accounts from an unrecognized country or device.
  • A new infostealer log in Dark Radar for your corporate domain or an employee email address.
Which Windows artifacts should be examined?
  • Prefetch (C:\Windows\Prefetch) — shows that a short-lived payload ran.
  • Amcache.hve and ShimCache — path and hash of the executed file.
  • Downloads folder and Zone.Identifier stream — the address the file was downloaded from.
  • Browser history — the fake download page or fake CAPTCHA address.
  • RunMRU registry key — commands pasted into the Run dialog.
  • Randomly named folders and DLLs under %TEMP% and %LOCALAPPDATA%.
Which log records matter?
  • Sysmon Event 1 / Security 4688Process creation: unsigned processes starting from Temp and Downloads folders, mshta, powershell -enc chains.
  • Sysmon Olay 11 / 23File creation and deletion: self-deleting payloads, DLLs dropped under Temp.
  • Sysmon Olay 3 / 22Network connection and DNS query: to newly registered domains, C2 resolution via Telegram, Steam or Pastebin.
  • Object access auditing (4663)A process other than the browser reading Login Data, Cookies and Local State files.
  • PowerShell 4104Script block logging: obfuscated downloader commands.
  • Identity provider sign-in logsSessions after the infection from a different country and device, without a multi-factor authentication prompt.
Which MITRE techniques is it associated with?
T1204.002User Execution: Malicious FileT1555.003Credentials from Web BrowsersT1539Steal Web Session CookieT1082System Information DiscoveryT1005Data from Local SystemT1071.001Web ProtocolsT1041Exfiltration Over C2 ChannelT1614System Location DiscoveryT1113Screen CaptureT1102.001Dead Drop ResolverT1105Ingress Tool Transfer
How should a SOC analyst respond?
  1. Isolate the device from the network; do not reinstall it before taking memory and disk images.
  2. Determine the infection date; list all accounts that were signed in on the device after that date.
  3. Change the passwords of these accounts, revoke their sessions and access tokens, and re-enroll multi-factor authentication devices.
  4. Search identity provider and SaaS logs for new country, device and token usage after the infection.
  5. If a recovery phrase or wallet file was exposed, move the assets to a new wallet.
  6. Find the initial access path (email, ad, unlicensed software, fake CAPTCHA) and check other users who used the same path.
  7. Reinstall the device from a clean image.
15

Sources

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Related terms

Botnet panel rentalMalware-as-a-ServiceCommand and control serverMalware pathExploit kit
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